一． 请听录音，并翻译

1. 英译汉

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,

Thank you for this opportunity to speak to you today about Hong Kong's future, in the context of sustainable development and this year's forum focus on Green Asia. //

If you ask people around the world to describe Hong Kong, I guess that many would see it as a concrete jungle - crowded and bustling, with hundreds of high-rise buildings jutting into the sky, and with a night vista that has more neon light than moonlight. // Well, that's only part of the story, the superficial aspect of Hong Kong, which advertisers and journalists prefer to portray. //

Hong Kong is more jungle than concrete - much more jungle actually. About 40 per cent of our 1100 square kilometre territory is protected country park. // But because of our hilly terrain, another 30 per cent of Hong Kong is rural and green belt area that can't be built on, or is low-density village development. //

Hong Kong people jealously protect these areas - our green lungs - that have been put aside for the enjoyment and use of all people in the city. It's also why we've planted 20 million trees in Hong Kong over the past decade. // This is an important aspect of Hong Kong that has helped us to sustain our high-density development model over the past four decades. //

Another way has been to provide efficient public transport system to our citizens. Public transport in Hong Kong accounts for more than 90% of the 12 million passenger trips made daily in our city. And because public transport is so good, our car ownership rate is among the lowest in developed economies. //

It's also a large part of why Hong Kong's greenhouse gas emissions are low compared to other major cities in the world. In 2005, that translated to about 6.5 tons per capita, compared to 24 tons for the US, 11 tons for the UK and Japan, and 9 tons for Singapore. //

So, the way in which Hong Kong's cityscape has developed - and the way in which our society has evolved within that cityscape - is a good example of sustainable development as it applies to the efficient use of resources: of land resources, of transport infrastructure, of government revenue, of energy, of human capital. //

But, there's more to sustainable development. It's also about balancing the social, economic and environmental needs of society. It's about changing policies and mindsets. It's about hard choices. Basically, it's about survival. //

Improving the environment sits at the top of my policy agenda. If we want to compete for talent and brainpower, if we want to retain our home-grown human capital, if we want to develop our services sector, then providing a clean and green environment is vital. //

Let's start with air quality. Sustainable growth in Hong Kong and the adjoining Pearl River Delta won't be possible unless we do more to clean up our air. // From 1990 to 2006, we have managed to cut emissions of four key pollutants - sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, respirable suspended particles and volatile organic compounds - by between 32 and 53 per cent. //

We are also working very closely with Guangdong authorities to tackle this problem with a regional air quality programme. Hong Kong and Guangdong have already created an economic role model that has helped to shape the course of China's economic development. // We now share the same vision to become the cleanest, greenest region in China. And we hope to lead the way in our country, with our actions, for a more sustainable form of development. //

Power generation is our largest source of local emissions - since 1997, we have banned the construction of new coal-fired power stations in favour of cleaner gas-fired units. We have capped the amount of pollutants that power plants are allowed to emit. //

We are also working hand-in-hand with the public to promote energy conservation. This will help alleviate air pollution and reduce greenhouse emissions. // We are working on legislation to implement a mandatory Energy Efficiency Labeling Scheme covering room air-conditioners, refrigerators and compact fluorescent lamps in the first phase. //

Another way to help clean the air and improve the living environment is through greening, which is also an important form of carbon sequestration. // As I mentioned earlier, we have planted more than 20 million trees over the past decade and we are going to plant more. Greening works continue throughout the urban area. // And we are looking to introduce even jungle to our concrete with green roofing initiatives in the city and industrial areas, encouraging planting on rooftops. //

We have also actively promoted sustainable construction. Since 2005, all public works projects have adopted energy efficient features and renewable energy technologies where practicable. // We've also been actively promoting the use of recycled materials, with about one million tons of recycled aggregate used in public works projects over the past six years. //

Hong Kong has an excellent business environment, a superb location and unrivalled potential. Economic growth and environmental protection now have a symbiotic relationship - they need each other, and in turn sustain each other. //

The green agenda is no longer something that is imported or foisted upon Asian countries or cities. It is an essential element in the ongoing success of cities such as Hong Kong, and of greater economic groupings such as the Pearl River Delta. //

Hong Kong is committed to building a sustainable future and to ensuring that our future generations can continue to thrive in a clean, green, creative and welcoming environment worthy of our positioning as Asia's world city. //

Thank you very much.

（the speech by the Chief Executive of HKSAR, Mr Donald Tsang, at the luncheon for Boao Forum Asia Annual Conference，excerpted April 12 2008)

2. 汉译英

携手合作共同创造可持续发展的未来

尊敬的李显龙总理阁下,各位同事:

很高兴同大家在新加坡再次相聚。我对李显龙总理和新加坡政府为会议所作的周到安排表示衷心的感谢。//

随着工业化的快速发展,人类使用化石能源,创造了巨大的物质财富,但同时也产生了大量污染物和温室气体。// 全球能源、气候变化和环境问题越来越突出, 成为我们面临的共同挑战。// 东亚峰会就这个重大战略性问题交换看法,反映出本地区国家加强合作,应对挑战的愿望和决心。//

主席先生,在此,我愿就应对气候变化阐述中方的看法和主张: //

第一,气候变化是全球性问题,需要各国携手合作,共同保护我们的家园。//发达国家应该正视自己的历史责任和当前人均排放水平仍然居高的现实,严格履行《京都议定书》确定的减排目标,在2012年后继续率先减排。// 发展中国家应该根据自身能力积极采取有效措施,为应对气候变化做出力所能及的贡献。// 国际社会应该加大对发展中国家的支持,发达国家应该履行对发展中国家的技术转让和资金支持承诺,切实帮助发展中国家提高减缓和适应气候变化能力。//

第二,气候变化从根本上说是发展问题。应该把经济增长、社会发展、环境保护统筹协调起来,建立适应可持续发展要求的生产方式和消费方式。 // 为应对气候变化而停滞发展,或者无视气候变化片面追求经济增长都是不可取、不可行的。// 据估计,今天全球约有24亿人仍以煤炭、木炭、薪柴、农作物秸秆作为主要燃料,有16亿人没有用上电。// 让贫困人口得到现代能源的服务,进而享受发展的机会,是一种道义责任和社会责任。// 因此必须强调,应对气候变化的努力应该促进而不是阻碍各国尤其是发展中国家发展经济、消除贫困。//

第三,《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》奠定了应对气候变化国际合作的法律基础,最具权威性、普遍性、全面性。 // 公约确立的"共同但有区别的责任"和公平原则,凝聚了国际社会共识,反映了各国经济发展水平、历史责任、当前人均排放上的差异。// 我们应该以公约和议定书作为国际合作的基本框架,也欢迎将其他开展务实合作的倡议和机制作为公约框架的有益补充。//

第四,技术进步对减缓和适应气候变化具有决定性作用。// 国际社会要增加资金投入,扩大信息交流,加强节能、环保、低碳能源等技术的研发和创新合作,特别是加强技术推广和利用,使广大发展中国家买得起、用得上。 // 在这方面,不能只强调市场机制的作用,把应对气候变化的任务全部推向市场。// 发达国家应减少贸易和技术壁垒,支持尽早落实公约关于技术转让的规定,建立切实有效的技术转让和技术合作机制,提高共同应对气候变化的能力。//

第五,适应气候变化是发展中国家最为关心的问题,是应对气候变化挑战的重要组成部分。// 发达国家应本着共同发展的伙伴精神,积极帮助发展中国家提高适应能力,增强应对气候灾害的能力;// 尽快启动《京都议定书》的适应基金,并对所有发展中国家开放;// 完善全球环境基金和清洁发展机制的运作,使发展中国家更加受益;// 扩大适应资金来源,为发展中国家适应气候变化提供新的和额外的资金支持。// 中国将于明年举办"东亚峰会气候变化适应能力建设研讨会",就本地区国家如何提高对气候变化的适应能力进行探讨。//

主席先生,中国是世界上人口最多的国家,是一个中低收入的发展中国家,是遭受气候变化不利影响较为严重的国家。// 国际舆论比较关注中国二氧化碳排放总量,但不要忽视这样一些基本事实:中国人口占世界总人口21%;中国人均二氧化碳排放还比较低,不到发达国家平均水平的三分之一;// 中国仍有2000多万农村贫困人口和2200多万城市最低生活保障线以下人口,城乡和区域经济社会发展还不平衡。// 为了改善和提高13亿中国人民的生活水平和生活质量,中国的"发展排放"在一定时期难免会有所增加。// 作为一个制造业大国,中国生产的商品为世界各国享用,但却承受着"转移排放"带来的越来越大的压力。我们希望,各方在关注中国的排放时要充分注意到这两个因素。//

中国坚持走低消耗、低排放、高效益、高产出的新型工业化道路,是国际社会加强环境保护、应对气候变化、实现可持续发展努力的重要组成部分。// 我们期待得到包括东亚国家在内的国际社会的大力支持。中国将根据公约和议定书,本着"共同但有区别的责任"原则,承担应有的国际责任和义务。// 中方赞同本次会议发表的《气候变化、能源和环境新加坡宣言》,愿与各方一道,将宣言的精神和倡议落到实处,共同促进东亚地区应对气候变化的努力,推动建设一个和谐发展、清洁发展、可持续发展的东亚。 //

谢谢大家!

（中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝在第三届东亚峰会上的讲话2007年11月21日 新加坡）

二． 参考译文

1. 英译汉译文

各位嘉宾、各位先生、女士：

感谢大会给我这个机会，在可持续发展和今年年会「绿色亚洲」的主题下，与各位谈谈香港的未来。

如果叫世界各地的人形容香港，相信很多人都会说，香港是个石屎森林──挤迫喧闹、高厦林立、夜色璀璨、五光十色的霓虹灯较月光更为耀目。这些只是实情的一部分，是香港给人的片面印象，也是广告界和新闻界喜欢描绘香港的一面。

香港森林远多于石屎。香港面积1 100平方公里，其中大约四成是受保护的郊野公园，而由于香港地势多山，另有三成土地属于不能兴建的乡郊和绿化地带，或者是低密度乡村发展区

香港人极力保护这些可供所有市民游玩享用的专设绿化地区。这正好说明，为什么香港过去十年共种植了2 000万棵树之多。正因我们广植林木，香港才可以维持过去40年那种既高密度、又有持续性的发展模式。

此外，我们致力于为香港居民提供高效的公共交通。香港每日1 200万载客人次之中，公共运输高占九成以上。由于公共运输服务完善，本港市民的自用车拥有率在已发展经济体中，属排名最低之列。

这大致说明为什么香港的温室气体排放量较世界其他主要城市为低。二零零五年，本港温室气体排放量约人均6.5公吨，美国为24公吨，英国和日本11公吨，新加坡9公吨。

香港城市面貌的发展，以及在此过程整个社会的发展模式，展现了可持续发展的一个良好范例，因为其中包括了有效运用土地、运输基建、政府收入、能源和人才等重要资源。

可持续发展所涉及的还不仅于此，它还关乎平衡社会、经济和环境需要的问题，关乎改变政策和思维方式，关乎取舍抉择的问题。简而言之，这是关乎生存的问题。

优化环境是我首重的施政纲领。要争取优秀人才，要留住本地培养的人力资源，要开拓香港的服务行业，提供清洁绿化的生活环境尤为关键。

让我先谈谈空气质素问题。要让香港和邻近珠江三角地区持续发展，我们必须多下工夫改善空气质素。由一九九零至二零零六年间，我们把四项污染物──二氧化硫、氮氧化物、可吸入的悬浮粒子和挥发性有机化合物──减少排放量由32%至53%不等。

我们也与广东省当局紧密合作，推行地区空气质素计划以对付污染问题。 粤港两地在经济上已发挥示范作用，协助国家设计未来经济发展的模式。我们的共同愿景，就是要成为中国最清洁、最绿化的地区。我们更希望可以为国家起着带头作用，以实际行动进一步推展可持续的发展模式。

发电厂是本地排放的最大来源──自一九九七年起，我们已经禁止兴建新的燃煤发电厂，选择以更清洁的天然气发电。我们订立了电力公司的排放上限。

我们也与市民大众合力节省能源。这有助纾缓空气污染情况，减低温室气体排放。我们正着手立法强制执行能源效益标签计划，第一期实施范围将涵盖空气调节机、冰箱和紧凑型萤光灯。

另一个有助净化空气和改善生活环境的方法，就是进行绿化，这也是碳封存的一个重要方式。正如我先前说过，过去十年，我们已种植超过2 000万棵树。绿化工程在市区各处持续推行，我们也打算在市区和工业区推行绿化屋顶措施，实行在石屎之中建设森林。

我们也积极推动可持续建筑。自二零零五年以来，所有公共工程都已尽量采用能源效益设置和再生能源技术。我们也正在积极推广使用循环再用物料。过去六年，公共工程共采用了约100万公吨的循环再造物料。

香港拥有卓越的营商环境、优越的地理位置和无可媲美的潜力。经济增长与环境保护至今有着一种共生的关系，两者相互靠赖，再相互支持。

环境保护不再是从外国输入或强加于亚洲国家和城市的议题。不论是香港这样的城市，还是珠江三角洲这类更大的经济群体，环境保护是保持繁荣兴旺的成功要素。

香港致力建设可持续发展的未来，确保我们的子孙后代得以在清洁、绿化、创意和开放的环境继续创富兴民，维持亚洲国际都会的美誉。

多谢各位。

（香港特别行政区行政长官曾荫权在博鳌亚洲论坛2008年年会举行的午餐会上致辞（节选） 2008.4.12 ）

2. 汉译英译文

Work Together to Ensure Long-Term Sustainable Development

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Dear colleagues,

I am glad to meet you again in Singapore, and I wish to express sincere thanks to you, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, and the Singaporean Government for your hospitality.

With rapid industrialization, mankind has created material wealth by using fossil fuels. But this has caused the emission of large amounts of pollutants and greenhouse gases. As a result, energy, climate change and the environment have become increasingly acute global challenges confronting all of us. The fact that we are exchanging views on these issues of strategic significance at the East Asia Summit demonstrates the common resolve of countries in our region to strengthen cooperation and jointly address these challenges.

Mr. Chairman, now I wish to outline China's views and position on climate change:

First, climate change is a global issue. We must all work together to address this issue and protect our common homeland. Developed countries should face up to their historical responsibilities and the reality that their current per-capita emissions remain high, strictly comply with the emission reduction targets laid down in the Kyoto Protocol, and continue to take the lead in cutting emissions after 2012. Developing countries should adopt active and effective measures according to their capabilities and contribute their share to combating climate change. The international community should provide more support to developing countries, and developed countries should honor their commitment on transferring technology and providing financial assistance to developing countries to help them build capacity for mitigating and adapting to climate change.

Second, climate change is ultimately a development issue. We should pursue economic growth, social development and environmental protection in a coordinated and balanced way, and develop models of production and consumption compatible with sustainable development. It is both unfeasible and wrong to tackle climate change at the expense of economic growth or pursue economic growth with no regard to climate change. It is estimated that about 2.4 billion people still use coal, charcoal, firewood and crop stalks as primary sources of fuel and some 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity. To enable the poor population to enjoy modern energy services and development opportunities is both a moral imperative and a social responsibility. It should therefore be emphasized that efforts to tackle climate change should help, and not hinder, the efforts of countries, particularly developing countries, to grow their economy and reduce poverty.

Third, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol, which are most authoritative, universal and comprehensive, constitute the legal basis of international cooperation on climate change. The principles of "common but differentiated responsibilities" and fairness established by the Convention represent consensus of the international community and recognize differences among countries in economic development, historical responsibilities and current per-capita emissions. We should uphold the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol as the basic framework for international cooperation, and we also welcome other initiatives and mechanisms on practical cooperation that supplements the UNFCCC framework.

Fourth, technological advances play a decisive role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The international community should increase financial input and information sharing and step up cooperation in research and development and innovation in technologies for energy conservation, environmental protection and low-carbon energy. It is of particular importance to strengthen the dissemination and application of these technologies and make them affordable to the developing countries. In this respect, one should not lay undue stress on the role of market mechanism and make the market solely responsible for tackling climate change. Developed countries should lower trade and technological barriers, support the early implementation of UNFCCC provisions on technology transfer, establish effective mechanisms for technology transfer and cooperation, as this will enhance the capacity to jointly tackle climate change.

Fifth, adaptation to climate change is of the greatest concerns to developing countries, and it is a major part of the efforts to address climate change. Developed countries should, in a spirit of partnership for common development, actively help developing countries build capacity for adaptation and managing weather-related disasters. They should launch the Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol at an early date and open it to all developing countries, improve the operation of the Global Environmental Facility and the Clean Development Mechanism to bring more benefits to developing countries, and commit more financial resources for adaptation efforts and provide new and additional financial support to developing countries. China will host the "EAS Seminar on Climate Change Adaptation Capacity Building" next year which will discuss ways for countries in our region to better adapt to climate change.

Mr. Chairman, China is the world's most populous country and a lower middle level income developing country, and it is seriously affected by climate change. There has been a lot of media report on China's aggregate carbon dioxide emissions. But such report has ignored some basic facts. China is home to 21 percent of the world's population. China's per-capita emission of carbon dioxide is quite low, less than one third of the average level of developed countries. In China, there are still more than 20 million rural people living in poverty and over 22 million urban residents who are below the poverty line, and the country's economic and social development is uneven between urban and rural areas and among different regions. China's "development emissions" will see some increase, as we are endeavoring to improve the living standards and quality of life for 1.3 billion people. In addition, as a big manufacturing country, China makes products for consumers across the world, but it is under growing pressure of "transfer emissions." We hope that these two factors should be taken into full account when talking about China's emissions.

China is striving to embark on a new path to industrialization that features low consumption of resources, low emissions, high efficiency and high output, and this is an integral part of international efforts to protect the environment, address climate change and achieve sustainable development. We look forward to the strong support for our efforts from the international community, particularly our East Asian neighbors. China will shoulder its due international responsibilities and obligations in accordance with the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. China supports the Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment to be adopted at this summit. We will work with you to translate the goal and initiatives of the Declaration into concrete action, boost efforts of East Asia countries to address climate change and promote harmonious, clean and sustainable development in East Asia.

Thank you!

（Address at the Third East Asia Summit by Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council, the People's Republic of China in Singapore on November 21, 2007）