目的语复述：听下面的材料，并用源语复述。

1.

各位嘉宾、各位专家学者，女士们、先生们：

非常高兴能与诸位一起交流探讨生态城市建设问题。//建设生态城市已成为世界城市发展的新潮流，也是我们深圳着力追求的一个目标。下面，我简要介绍深圳建设生态城市的一些做法。//

在城市快速发展的过程中，我们坚决不以牺牲生态环境为代价发展经济的理念，注重加强环境保护和生态建设，积极探索新兴城市的可持续发展之路。//近年来，我市先后获得了“国家园林城市”、“国家环保模范城市”、“人居环境奖”和国际“花园城市”等荣誉称号，不久前又被联合国环境规划署评为“环境保护500佳”城市，深圳正在努力向生态城市迈进。//

深圳从建立之初就高度重视城市规划的制定和实施，特别是1996年制定的《深圳市城市总体规划（1996-2010）》奠定了现代化城市的格局。//在该规划中，我们将建设园林式花园式城市作为发展目标之一，并确定了严格控制城市建设用地、有效保护城市生态、营造优美的亚热带海滨城市环境、提供舒适的休闲空间等城市发展策略，较好地体现了生态城市建设的理念。//

深圳经济增长快，人口扩张快、城市建设，但资源相对匮乏。//我们通过有计划的开发、严格的管理、运用经济杠杆进行调解、通过新技术的研究应用形成低消耗可循环利用的清洁生产生活方式等多种手段，促进资源的合理开发、永续利用和有效保护。//

为了培育广大市民的环保意识，深圳开展了由政府倡导、社会各界共同参与的“绿色家园”系列活动，涉及到政府机关、社区、企业、学校、商场、医院、家庭等方方面面。//并在环境保护领域建立了一系列民主、科学的公众参与制度，倡导符合绿色文明的生活习惯、消费观念和环境价值观念，形成全社会关心和参与生态城市建设的良好风尚。//

女士们，先生们，尽管我们在环境保护与生态建设方面做了不懈努力，但由于城市的建设发展一直保持着较高的速度，生态环境的压力仍然很大，建设生态城市的任务相当艰巨。//非常高兴的是，此次国际生态城市大会在深圳召开，带来了新的观念、新的理论和成功的实践经验，必将对我市的生态城市建设起到良好的促进作用，也希望与会代表们、朋友们对深圳的经济社会发展和生态环境保护工作多提指导意见。//

最后，我真诚祝愿各位在深圳度过一段美好的时光。

谢谢大家。//

（深圳市副市长卓钦锐2002年8月在第五届国际生态城市大会上的主题发言《迈向生态城市的深圳》的节选）

2.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Good morning.//

Let me start with a few statements to indicate where I am coming from.//

First, the theory and evidence that I have seen all seems to strongly suggest that human-related emissions of carbon into the atmosphere is causing, and will in the future cause, significant global warming. //Second, this global warming is on such a scale that it will wreak havoc on both poor and rich countries. It could even make large sections of the earth uninhabitable. Third, the costs of abatement are large.//

Therefore the decision to curtail emissions is a very serious one and it is clear that these decisions will also cause hardship in poor and in rich countries. Then, how can we fight global warming.//

Economic theory gives a simple natural way to fight global warming, which is to have escalating taxes on carbon emissions. There is a simple reason why this is the ideal remedy: carbon emissions into the atmosphere constitute a nuisance to everybody on the planet.//

People should be taxed to pay a penalty equal to the value of the nuisance that they cause. In this way people who value their emissions more than the nuisance they cause will make those emissions and they will pay the tax.// People whose emissions are not valued as much as the nuisance they cause will curb them and will not pay the tax. Thus with such a tax, emissions will be curbed insofar as the nuisance they create exceeds their benefits.//

The economics here is as simple and straightforward as economics ever gets. It would be hard to find any economist who would disagree.//

It may also be worthwhile noting that this may be one place where economists’ judgments may be different from that of other professionals. // We economists tend to be fairly optimistic about the effects of prices or taxes on people’s behavior. So the size of the tax necessary to reduce these emissions may be large, but perhaps not extremely large.//

The reason for that is that we think that over fairly long periods of time that people are fairly responsive to changes in prices. In addition, there will be substitution of nuclear and other non-carbon forms of electricity generation.//

Steve Chu’s talk gave some indication as to how large these taxes would have to be to get important shifts even with current technology to carbon-free generation of electricity.//

With a carbon-tax people will switch to smaller and more fuel-efficient methods of transport. With sufficient time for innovation and a tax that is sufficiently high there will be other innovations as well. There are also possible innovations in carbon sequestration. //

Here, I would like to make a suggestion to the Chinese delegation regarding the stance that they should take toward global warming.// I do not think that you should look to the United States to take the lead before you take your own stance on global warming. China is the rising economic star. China is also the rising star on the stage of world leadership.//

World leadership should be given not to countries because they are rich and powerful. It should be given to countries that have a moral commitment to do what is humanitarian and right.//

Global warming is one such area. It is an area where the US especially has abdicated what is right for what is expedient. This is an opportunity, perhaps at not even very great cost, for China to assert its moral authority.//

It is a good place to begin the assertion of world leadership that China will increasingly take as this century progresses.//

(Adapted from the paperThoughts on global warmingdelivered by George A. Akerlof, Professor of Economics, University of California, atChina/US Climate Change Forum, Berkeley, May 2006)